literature review

Kidd B. (2010), “Epilogue: the struggles must continue”, Sport in Society, 13:1, 157-165

Kuş Z., Karatekin K., Merey Z. (2012), Citizens Of The Future: How Do The Young Perceive National And International Problems?, The journal of Turkish educational sciences, 10(3), 865-868

Mutz M., & Baur J. (2009), “The role of sports for violence prevention: sport club participation and violent behaviour among adolescents”, International journal of sport policy, 1(3), 305-321

Testa A., Amstrong G. (2012), “The articulations of the true believers: Football and neo-fascism in the eternal city”, in Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 21(1):25-52

Valkov I. (2013), Football hooliganism and political pressure, PhD

Agyei Kyeremeh S. (2016), “Sportive nere in maglia azzurra. Un approccio intersezionale allo sport italiano”, Africa&mediterraneo: Cultura e Società, n. 84

Agyei Kyeremeh S. (2017), “Corpi neri in spazi maschili bianchi. Le atlete italiane nere o di origini straniere nello sport italiano”, La camera blu n. 17, Sports contexts and gender perspectives

Beaud S. (2015), “Derrière la condamnation des footballeurs de l’équipe de France, un ‘racisme de classe’?”, Informations sociales, 187, 110-117

Bifulco L., Sarnatato R. (2017), “Calcio come inclusione sociale. Studio di caso: l’A.S.D. Napoli Calcio Femminile e Maschile”, Culture e Studi del Sociale-CuSSoc, 2(1), pp. 55-67

Center for the Study of Democracy (2016), “Radicalization in Bulgaria: threats and tendencies”

Gasparini W. (2010), “Immigration et discrimination dans le sport. Les catégories à l’épreuve du terrain”, Regards Sociologiques, 39, 85-91

IRIS Project (2016), “Good practices, aiming at tackling violence, discrimination and racism in grassroots sports”, Erasmus+

IRIS Project (2016), “Policy Paper: Promoting equal participation in Sport – Recommendations & Ideas”, Erasmus+

Masiello S. (2010), “Ultrà. L’odio metropolitan”, Quaderni di Sociologia

Mauro M. (2016), The Balotelli generation: issues of inclusion and belonging in Italian football and society, Bern, Peter Lang

Osservatorio Associazione Italiana Calciatori (2017), Calciatori sotto tiro, IV Rapporto 2016-2017

Sterchele D., Saint-Blancat C. (2015), “Keeping it liminal. The Mondiali Antirazzisti (Anti-racist World Cup) as a multifocal interaction ritual”, Leisure Studies, 34 (2)January, 182-196

Tailmoun M.A., Valeri M., Tesfaye I. (2014), Campioni d’Italia? Le seconde generazioni e lo sport, Sinnos Editrice

Valeri M. (2010), Che razza di tifo. Dieci anni di razzismo nel calcio italiano, Roma, Donzelli Editore

Bozhilov Y. (2016), “A Study of perceptions and attitudes regarding radicalism”, Radicalism and young people, Sofia Security Forum, Bulgaria, 68-72

Dronzina T., Iskren Ivanov (2016), “Radicalization and school in Bulgaria”, Radicalism and young people, Department of political Science, Sofia University “Sv. Kliment Ohridski, 31-38

Ministère de la Ville, de la Jeunesse et des Sports (2016), Acteurs du sport et de l’animation. Mieux connaître, mieux comprendre et mieux prévenir les phénomènes de radicalisation

National Programme for Prevention of Child Abuse (2017 – 2020), adopted with Decision N 115/09.02.2017 of the Councuil of Ministers

National Strategy to Counter Radicalization and Terrorism (2015-2020), adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria in December 2015

Bailey R. (2005), “Evaluating the relationship between physical education, sport and social inclusion”, Educational Review, 57:1, 71-90

Cortis N. (2009), “Social inclusion and sport: Culturally diverse women’s perspectives”, Australian journal of social issues, 44(1), 91-106

Gozzoli C., D’Angelo C., Confalonieri E. (2013), Evaluating sport projects which promote social inclusion for young people: a case study

Guilbert S. (2004), “Sport and violence: a typological analysis”, International Review for the sociology of sport, 39(1), 45-55

Kelly (2011), “‘Social inclusion’ through sports-based interventions?” Critical Social Policy, 0261-0183 101; Vol. 31(1): 126–150

Kreager D.A. (2007), “Unnecessary roughness? School sports, peer networks, and male adolescent violence”, American sociological review, 72(5), 705-724

Literature reviews on sport for development and peace (2007), Commissioned by Sport for Development and Peace International Working Group (SDP IWG) Secretariat, Toronto, Canada

Tacon (2011), “Football and social inclusion: Evaluating social policy”, Managing Leisure 12(1):1-23

Terry P.C., Jackson J.J. (1985), The Determinants and Control of Violence in Sport, Quest, 37:1, 27-37

Türnüklü A. (2007), Students’ Conflicts, Causes, Resolution Strategies And Tactics In High Schools, Educational administration: Theory and practice, 49(49), 129-166

Vertommen T., Schipper-van Veldhoven N., Wouters K., Kampen J.K., Brackenridge C.H., Rhind D.J., Van Den Eede F. (2016), “Interpersonal violence against children in sport in the Netherlands and Belgium”, Child abuse & neglect, 51, 223-236

Reference	Altopiedi R., Scarscelli D. (2016), Lo sport in pillole. Farmaci e doping nello sport non professionistico, Milano, Franco Angeli Translation: Sport in Pills. Drugs and doping in non-professional sport
Abstract or book/manual summary	The book presents the results of a research aimed at investigating, through the sociological perspective, the use (legal and illegal) of drugs and supplements to improve sports performance in a sample of competitive athletes, non-professionals and adults. In particular, the results of an exploratory study conducted to collect data on consumption patterns, and compare the profiles of users and not-users (doping substances) athletes. The online survey was complemented by a qualitative study with the aim of describing how you become a user of doping substances. The final aim was to study doping (and more generally the high-performance consumption of substances) collecting the point of view of a champion of athletes, starting from the the experience of the users.
Topic	Doping
Target group	Non-professional sportsmen
Context	Sport
Type of document	Book; Sociology; quantitative and qualitative research on doping users
Three Keywords	Doping, Non Professional Sport, Consumption Patterns
Open access
Country	Italy
Language	Italian

Reference	Chamberlain, JM (2013), “Sports-based intervention and the problem of youth offending: a diverse enough tool for a diverse society?”, Sport in Society, 16:10, 1279-1292
Abstract or book/manual summary	This paper discusses sports-based interventions (SBIs) and the problem of youth crime. It notes the positive role sport can play in changing to better the lives of young people. However, there is a lack of robust evidence to support the argument that participation in sporting activity can lead to a reduction in anti-social and offending behaviour. The paper discusses how through focusing on ‘individual needs’ and ‘pathways to work’, SBIs can become overly reductionist and mask broader structural class-, gender- and race-based inequalities that permeate through neoliberal nation-states and western criminal justice systems. It concludes that SBI advocates must seek to promote a less homogeneous idea of what an SBI is, as well as be more sensitive to the diverse needs of young people, particularly if they are to tackle the underlying structural inequalities that arguably create the social problem, that is youth crime in the first place.
Topic	Crime
Target group	Youth
Context	Grass-roots Sport
Type of document	Sociology; Critical Article
Three Keywords	Sport Based Intervention; Inequalities, Crime
Open access	https://www.cairn.info/revue-informations-sociales-2015-1-page-110.htm
Country	UK
Language	English

Reference	Mette A. (2013), Analyse de l’homophobie dans le football professionnel. Mise en perspective avec les théories de la diversité et les politiques de lutte contre les discriminations Translation: Analysis of homophobia in professional football. Putting into perspective with theories of diversity and anti-discrimination policies
Abstract or book/manual summary	For the first time and at the request of the association Paris Foot Gay (PFG), we offer an evaluation of intolerance and homophobia in football French professional. A total of 13 clubs of Ligue 1, Ligue 2 and National Ligue have agreed to participate in this project. Our results indicate that the main discrimination in football professional is homophobia. This finding is even more important in training centers, where there is a of general intolerance. Even though we note a progress in the acceptance of homosexuality in football, all the conditions are not yet met to allow a gay player to come out. You will find so in this short document, an analysis of the situation described as well as proposed recommendations.
Topic	Homophobia
Target group	Professional Players
Context	Soccer
Type of document	Survey Report
Three Keywords	Soccer Player, Homophobia, Professional
Open access	https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/sites/regions_france3/files/assets/documents/compte-rendu-court-a.mette-pfg_1.pdf
Country	France
Language	French

Reference	Kidd B. (2010), "Epilogue: the struggles must continue", Sport in Society, 13:1, 157-165, DOI: 0.1080/17430430903377995
Abstract or book/handbook summary	In the epilogue to this special issue, the co-author reflects upon recent efforts to bring about social change in and through sport, the contributions of scholarship to those efforts and the current terrain. He argues that while sport has power to effect progressive change, we should not exaggerate the extent of that power. Moreover, sport activists rarely make effective coalitions with progressive groups outside of sport, to the detriment of both. He concludes that the most pressing need today is to shore up public opportunities for sport and physical activity. To that end, he suggests four contributions scholars can make: document and publicize the contradictions between promise and reality, conduct critical research, engage students and support open source publication.
Topic	social change through sports, historical remarks on racism, gender equity, politics, sports activism
Target group	scholars
Context	sports activists, scholars focusing on sport history
Type of document	Book & epilogue
Three Keywords	sports activism, sports history, social change, examples from different countries (racism, gender, sports participation)
Open access	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430430903377995
Country	Canada, (provide examples from different countries)
Language	English
OTHER	Add any other relevant information argues that “In the 1960s, ‘jockrakers’ such as Jack Scott, Paul Hoch and Dave Meggyesy argued that sport had become a school of sexism, racism and militarism. But under the right circumstances, with astute leadership, sport can become a favourable ground for change.” And provides some examples provides examples of he achievement of equity legislation and policies in government and sports organizations. conclusion remarks on page 162 also worth to consider for discussion

Reference	Kuş Z., Karatekin K., Merey Z. (2012), Citizens Of The Future: How Do The Young Perceive National And International Problems?, The journal of Turkish educational sciences, 10(3), 865-868
Abstract or book/handbook summary	The aim of this study is to find out what the young people think about the national and international problems, where they get the necessary information about these issues and determine their faith in overcoming these problems. Case study, which is among qualitative research patterns, was utilized in the study. The study group comprised of 14-15-16-year-old students of Social Sciences High School in Kırşehir. Data collection tool was designed as two-dimensional. The students were asked to write down the problems in Turkey in the first dimension and the ones with a global scale in the second dimension in a priority order; to state their source of information concerning these problems; and to express their opinions with respect to the solutions for the national problems in the near future. The written documents collected were analyzed using content analysis method. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; The young people (in Turkey) see “Terrorism” as the most important national problem. They consider “unemployment” and “violance” among the major problems in Turkey. On a global scale, problems concerning the Middle East are regarded as significant.
Topic	National and international problems
Target group	High school students
Context
Type of document	Education, Sociology, article
Three Keywords	Young people, National Problem, International Problem
Open access	http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/256176
Country	Turkiye
Language	Turkish and English

Reference	Mutz M., & Baur J. (2009), "The role of sports for violence prevention: sport club participation and violent behaviour among adolescents", International journal of sport policy, 1(3), 305-321
Abstract or book/handbook summary	Youth involvement in conflict and violence is a frequent problem in Germany as well as in many European countries. The European Commission’s White Paper on Sport presumes that sport participation might be of help in preventing adolescents from delinquency and violence. It further claims that social norms inherent in the world of sport (e.g. fair play, team spirit) might foster pro-social behaviour patterns and help reduce aggressiveness among juveniles (Commission of the European Communities 2007). This article challenges that assumption by confronting it with German data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). On the theoretical level, the paper explicates different mechanisms of how sport participation might influence violent behaviour patterns. On the empirical level, the article examines the relationship between the involvement in club-organised sport activities and violent behaviour patterns among 15-year-old German adolescents. Overall, the results suggest that sport activities do not automatically prevent violence. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that sex, education, social background, immigrant background, family violence, media violence and peer-group attitudes all had a significant effect on violent behaviour, while sport club membership and participation in volunteer organisations were shown to be nonsignificant in this model. The concluding remarks of this paper discuss theoretical and policy implications of these findings.
Topic	Politics
Target group	Adolescents How is the radicalised group labelled? (ex. right-wing, radical islamist, racist nationalists)
Context	Soccer / Supporters /Other sports (please, specify)
Type of document	Sport policy, article Specify the kind of Literature: psychology, anthropology, sociology, etc.; and the kind of material (book, article, chapter, manual, toolkit, etc.)
Three Keywords	Violence, prevention, sport clubs, adolescence
Open access	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19406940903265582?needAccess=true
Country	Germany
Language	English
OTHER	In contrast to many other countries that participated in PISA 2000, in Germany the international research design was extended in a number of aspects. First, the ministers of education in the 16 federal states of Germany decided to enlarge the national sample, making it possible to estimate mean literacy scores for each region. Consequently, in every federal state more than 2000 students were examined and interviewed. Altogether, this resulted in an extraordinarily large sample size; the dataset used for this analysis included more than 33,000 15-year-old students.

Reference	Testa, A., Amstrong, G. (2012), The articulations of the true believers: Football and neo-fascism in the eternal city, in Journal of Mediterranean Studies 21(1):25-52
Abstract or book/manual summary	This paper examines two nationally renowned football (il calcio) supporter groups located in the capital city of Rome, the centre of Italian political power. The first the Boys, followers of AS Roma, have been notoriously neo-fascist in character since 1972. The second, the Irriducibili who follow SS Lazio, a club that also play in Rome, have, since 1987, attained a notoriety based on toughness and violence. Defying historical, enmitybased logic the Boys and Irriducibili have shared since 1987 a neo-fascist ideology that has made the two curva (terraces) they occupy in the capital city's Olympic Stadium less hostile to each other. Indeed, the two groups have turned their antagonism against the State and the Italian police. These fan-protagonists exist in groups known throughout Italy as UltraS, the capital S being our neologism to define the neo-fascist-oriented fans and to differentiate them from the wider hardcore football supporters who are referred to as ultra. The analysis herein focuses on these two UltraS entities and considers three central elements in the concept they promote of the 'true' UltraS: the principle of non omologazione (non-conformism), the Tradition versus Modernity opposition so crucial to the make-up of the UltraS cultural identity, and the attempt by such gatherings to live up to the ideal type of the Warrior. This research utilised the ethnographic method and involved the researcher 'being there' amongst the leading players of these two aforementioned groupings during various periods between 2001 and 2009. Those subject to academic inquiry are herein permitted to articulate their story and rationale. At the same time the researchers are concomitantly 'being here', seeking to infer the motivations of the members.
Topic	Racism and fascism
Target group	Neo-fascist hooligans
Context	Fandom Ultras
Type of document	Ethnography; Article
Three Keywords	Soccer, Ultras, Neo-Fascism
Open access
Country	Italy
Language	English

Reference	Agyei Kyeremeh S. (2016), "Sportive nere in maglia azzurra. Un approccio intersezionale allo sport italiano", Africa&mediterraneo: Cultura e Società, n. 84 Trans: Black athletes in blue shirt. An intersectional approach to Italian sport
Abstract or book/manual summary	Sport, as a complex and ongoing phenomenon, necessarily reflects social transformations that take place within society. A deep analysis of children of foreign origins participation in the Italian sport system shows the existence of “racial spatiality” (Harrison, 2013). These contexts display a “geography of exclusion” (Sibley, 1995) which is due to federal sporting regulations which often limit youth of foreign origins born and/or grow up in Italian’s access to sport, not only linked to “de facto professionalism” sport levels. “There are no black Italians”, chant directed during a football match to Mario Balotelli, a black Italian of ghanain origins football player, highlights how “Italianness” definition process is still both conflicting and in progress. The presence in the Italian national teams of black Italians or foreign origins women athletes induce to think not only about the new colour of Italian sport, but also on the necessity to re-signify, in more inclusive way, the concept of “Italianness”. The blackness of the above mentioned women athletes allows us to investigate through an intersectional approach on the legitimate colour of the Italian sport. The Black Italians (Valeri, 2006) permits us to examine the way in which “Italianness” is constructed by Italian sporting bodies and by black Italian or foreign origins female athletes. Moreover, the presence of these athletes in the Italian sport context allow us to understand how they construct and negoziate their belongings within sport and Italian society.
Topic	Racism, Gender
Target group	White Italian majority
Context	Grassroot Sport
Type of document	Sociological article; ethnografic research
Three Keywords	Sport, Women Athletes, Racialization, Italianness, Racism
Open access
Country	Italy
Language	Italian

Reference	Agyei Kyeremeh S. (2017), "Corpi neri in spazi maschili bianchi. Le atlete italiane nere o di origini straniere nello sport italiano", La camera blu n. 17, Sports contexts and gender perspectives Trans: Black bodies in white male spaces. Black Italians or migrant background female athletes in the Italian sport
Abstract or book/manual summary	Sport, as a complex and ongoing phenomenon, necessarily reflects social transformations that take place within society. A deep analysis of children of foreign origins participation in the Italian sport system shows the existence of “racial spatiality” (Harrison, 2013). These contexts display a “geography of exclusion” (Sibley, 1995) which is due to federal sporting regulations which often limit youth of foreign origins born and/or grow up in Italian’s access to sport, not only linked to “de facto professionalism” sport levels. “There are no black Italians”, chant directed during a football match to Mario Balotelli, a black Italian of ghanain origins football player, highlights how “Italianness” definition process is still both conflicting and in progress. The presence in the Italian national teams of black Italians or foreign origins women athletes induce to think not only about the new colour of Italian sport, but also on the necessity to re-signify, in more inclusive way, the concept of “Italianness”. The blackness of the above mentioned women athletes allows us to investigate through an intersectional approach on the legitimate colour of the Italian sport. The Black Italians (Valeri, 2006) permits us to examine the way in which “Italianness” is constructed by Italian sporting bodies and by black Italian or foreign origins female athletes. Moreover, the presence of these athletes in the Italian sport context allow us to understand how they construct and negoziate their belongings within sport and Italian society.
Topic	Racism
Target group	White Italian majority
Context	Grassroot Sport
Type of document	Sociological article; ethnografic research
Three Keywords	Sport, Women Athletes, Racialization, Italianness, Racism
Open access	http://www.camerablu.unina.it/index.php/camerablu/article/viewFile/5386/6027
Country	Italy
Language	Italian