young soccers

discrimination, isolation and risk of radicalization

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: amateur football player

Age: 32

Gender: male

Nationality: Pakistani

Type of radicalization: ethnic discrimination, social radicalization

Historical period collocation: 2013

Date/Country of the Interview: 27/09/2018, Greece

Interviewer: Municipality of Evrotas

Municipality of Evrotas

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

player

I am coming from Pakistan and I legally entered Greece and reside for almost 6 years. Since then I am employed as a worker in farms and crops. I am living in a very small village where we all know each other and the majority of the inhabitants is Greek and has been born here. Especially in the beginning of my stay, I faced and experienced lots of racist incidents and exclusion due to my nationality and skin color and because I was not born in this region and I could not speak the language.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
During the first period of my stay, I was living alone here and I had only my job and some friends that I made at work, who are also coming from other countries.
The village has very few things-activities to do at your spare time and only a few places to visit such as recreational facilities. I had plenty of free time after work, so I decided to enroll in a sports club where adults but also children learn how to play amateur football and which organizes amateur tournaments. They placed me in one of the adult teams and I started practicing with the support and guidance of an experienced football coach. Our coach was treating every player, including me, with respect and equally and fairly, however, I was not treated the same by my teammates. All my teammates were behaving formally towards me, especially when the coach was present and when he was absent, most often, they were not even talking to me. During and after break time, the trainings and the tournaments they were always hanging all together but never with me and they were obviously ignoring and avoiding me. Despite the fact that according to our coach I was very good and hardworking football player, they were having a hard time to accept it and cooperate with me. I did not want either to push forward the issue to our coach or to try to approach them and settle things with them.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
I felt that I was completely in the wrong place in the world and different from other people, not accepted as I am. I started having questions about myself, about the other people, my teammates, the society. I felt that I was not a member neither of this team, nor of this society. So I was desperately starting seeking to meet people who will have the same thoughts, beliefs and questions. During this period, I just happened to meet the friends of one of the guys I used to work with and we started hanging out and spend our free time together. As time passed, we were having in-depth conversations where I realized that we were sharing the same thoughts, beliefs and feelings. I started feeling that I belong somewhere and that there were people who understand me. They were having and expressing extreme beliefs, thoughts and ideas and they presenting an aggressive behavior towards the rest of the people and society. At some point I also realized that things were going a little weird, so I started discreetly to avoid hanging and going out with them.
Back then I did not exactly realize what was going on and I was just thinking that eventually we were not matching, but now that you explained to me about radicalisation and we are doing this interview, I realize that I was entering the process of radicalisation and how much more they were. I have no experience or knowledge on the topic of radicalisation.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
I just stopped hanging out with them when I realized that something was going wrong. I don’t know if this was the proper thing to do, or if I should have talked to someone about it. I did not involve anyone else, not even the guy who introduced me to them and with whom I was working with.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
I just stopped hanging out with them when I realized that something was going wrong. I don’t know if this was the proper thing to do, or if I should have talked to someone about When I realized that something was going wrong with that group, I did not know what exactly to do. The only solution I had was to start discreetly avoiding them without commenting on their attitude and beliefs, as I was afraid of them and their aggressive behavior. The most difficult part was that I was afraid that they were going to harm me because I left their group.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
I learned a lesson from this experience and I realized that everyone should think clearly and rationally and don’t get influenced by anyone. Now I know how to get the others’ respect and I regret that I was involved in that group and situation.
volley

reacting to social discrimination

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: student / high school volleyball player

Age: 19

Gender: female

Nationality: Greek

Type of radicalization: racism, social radicalization

Historical period collocation: 2015

Date/Country of the Interview: 03/10/2018, Greece

Interviewer: Municipality of Evrotas

Municipality of Evrotas

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

student

I will share with you one bad experience as I want my voice to be heard and maybe help other girls who may be in my shoes. The story, I am going to narrate, happened 3 years ago, when I was 16 years old and in the 1st class of High School. Today that I have become more mature, I consider that I started following the pathway to radicalisation.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started? How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
My grandmother is the one who raised me and my brother since I had never met my father and I have no information on him and when I was 8 years old and my brother 10 years old, our mother abandoned us and got married to someone, who we had seen only once just before she left us. Both me and my brother we were hurt and we are still hurting by our mother’s abandonment but thankfully our grandmother, this lovely, admirable and caring woman, is the biggest blessing in our life, she has been both the best mother and father to us. Unfortunately, she is quite old and she is just receiving her pension. Especially, when me and my brother were younger and still at school and we could not work, we barely had enough money for our basic needs.
As far as I am concerned, I have always been an active and restless youngster, always trying to understand and help others and contribute to my school community and to the society in general. I am humble, honest, and shy, but not always low-profile and I adore truth and justice.
It all started 3 years ago, when I was at the age of 16 years old. During a gym class, our physical education teacher proposed to all of the girls of my classroom to form 2 teams and play volleyball. Our teacher explained to all of us the basic volleyball rules and terminology and we got started. That day I had the best experience in my life, as I enjoyed very much playing with my classmates with whom I had always the best relationship and I understood how much I loved to play volleyball. In the meantime, I knew that in our school we were having a high school girls’ volleyball team, which was composed by schoolgirls of all of the three grades of high school. Therefore I decided that since I love and enjoy so much playing volleyball, I should talk with our physical education teacher and do whatever it takes to join the team.
Our physical education teacher talked to me quite strict and negatively and seemed that she did not want me to join the volleyball team, something that still today I cannot understand and justify. She approved my participation in the team with great difficulty, while the rest of the girls on the team were extremely opposed to my introduction to the team. The first day of my appearance in the team, the majority of the girls instead of welcoming me, indicated their dissatisfaction by grimacing and demonstrated their upset. In short, from the very first moment, they were keep making insulting comments about my economic, social and family background, talking in front of me loudly and with emphasis about how warm family they have and how much they were loved by their parents and the gifts that they were buying to them and how they are spending their free time and weekends with their parents.
As a consequence, I felt sad and that I was treated unfairly, I got too angry both with my teammates and with the physical education teacher who was training us and was watching what was going on without any intention of interfering and putting them in their place and in the meantime I quit the team. There was no effort neither from my teammates nor from our teacher to bring me back to the team. That made me even angrier.
Thereafter, I was very frustrated and I had convinced myself that I have to take justice into my own hands. I started searching on the web and the more I was reading, more passionate I was becoming. At one point, I actually though that it would be better if I also find some other young people, with similar experiences, that are willing to administer our own form of justice. So, I started searching in forums, where different people were expressing their opinions, beliefs and life experiences and I was chatting and aiming to meet face-to-face with whoever was matching this profile.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved? Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
Lucky for me, my brother who was 2 years older than me and always very mature, had noticed all the change in my behavior and had his eyes on me, so one day he sat down and discussed with me. I told him everything; I described every single incident with great detail, as well as the behavior of my teammates and the attitude of our teacher. I also expressed to him my beliefs and that from now on I had to deliver justice since our teacher was not reacting. My brother advised me and made me see that this was not the right way to handle and control things. At the same time, as he was too worried about me, he also informed our grandmother about the situation, because as our guardian she should also acknowledge the facts. That period, my brother was constantly around me, hanging out and spending lots of free time with me, in order to make sure that I have left all these behind and I was thinking straight. If it weren’t him, things would have gone and ended pretty badly, since usually anger urges to harm others or ourselves.
Today I am studying at University and in the meantime I am working and I have started thinking of finding and joining an amateur team and playing again volleyball, which I love so much. After all these I have learned that all people sometimes may be treated unfairly and get disappointed and maybe frustrated and sad but this doesn’t mean that we have to overcome this situation in this way. There are many ways to cope with such issues without the use of violence and unwanted means.
young soccers

tackle racism in very young people

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: physical education teacher

Age: 39

Gender: male

Nationality: Greek

Type of radicalization: racism, political radicalization, right-wing extremism

Historical period collocation: 2016

Date/Country of the Interview: 11/10/2018, Greece

Interviewer: Municipality of Evrotas

Municipality of Evrotas

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

teacher

Unfortunately 2 years ago I experienced a situation of radicalisation of a young boy, a student of mine.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started? How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
Our town is a rural area with many crops and cultivations, inhabited also by many immigrants who are residing here with their families legally and permanently and are working in the farms. Accordingly, their children attend school regularly. In the high school that I was teaching 2 years ago we had many students with a migrant background and we had never faced any racist incident before.
During my class, I was usually coaching the boys’ football and the girls’ basketball. At the start of the school year I hadn’t faced any problem or racist incident. However, during the middle of the school year I noticed that during the football matches, one of my students and more particular a young boy was having a quite aggressive behavior towards to all his classmates who happened to have a migrant background. He was making fun of them, using nasty expressions and insults, making offensive comments, using verbal violence, sometimes followed by bad gestures and physical violence. The comments included expressions like “You are inferior”, “You are a threat to the Greek nationality” and many other. Many of the rest of my students – his classmates came to me and said that he keeps attacking the children and repeating those words during school breaks and after school and that he is also talking to his friends about far right political parties and their ideology.
I have limited experience on the topic of radicalisation but based on my overall experience as a teacher, I can say that in this specific case, parents had influenced the radicalisation process of this young boy.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
Every time that such comments or unacceptable behavior were brought to my attention I was disapproving his attitude, scolding him and maintaining order. But this wasn’t enough. Many times I was inviting him to talk privately, where I was trying to explain many things to him, including issues such as violence, diversity, unacceptable behavior and other related topics. Despite my efforts, he continued misbehaving and causing trouble when I was not present. In the meantime, I had already informed all the teaching staff of the school as well as the principal about the incidents and the child’s behavior.
I didn’t give up; I continued trying to cope with the situation. The next step was to call his parents and discuss with them, as the situation was turning more serious. His parents never showed up in our meeting and when they were coming to school, either to pick up their child, or to get informed and receive his grades, we were trying to talk with them but they were always avoiding us by pretending that they are in a rush and that they have got some unfinished business to take care of.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
No, I didn’t and I don’t have the skills to cope with this kind of situation and I believe that this was and still is the most difficult part. I still fill that I didn’t achieve anything. I couldn’t manage to alter his behavior. I had the support of the principal and of the teaching community but this proved to be inadequate.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
This situation had not been improved until the end of the school year and during the period that I was teaching there. The next year I was transferred to a new school. I strongly believe that we also needed the support of his parents and of course of a specialist, as none of us were qualified to cope with something like that.
young soccers

inclusion against radicalization

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: amateur football player

Age: 22

Gender: male

Nationality: Albanian

Type of radicalization: ethnic discrimination, social radicalization

Historical period collocation: 2014

Date/Country of the Interview: 19/09/2018, Greece

Interviewer: KEAN – Cell of Alternative Youth Activities

KEAN

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

player

I am coming from Albania and I have been living in Greece for ten years. My parents migrated from Albania to Greece and settled in Athens when I was 12 years old. At the age of 18, while I was at the 3rd and last grade of High School, I had a couple of bad experiences that made me feel marginalized and discriminated against in the country that I was expected to be integrated into its culture and society. Now I can tell that, back then these bad experiences along with the feelings of discrimination and marginalization made me adopt increasingly extreme social ideals and aspirations and it became too difficult for me to find any other beliefs reasonable.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
When I was at the age of 18 and in the beginning of the school year, about to attend the 3rd and last grade of High School, my father got a new job so we had to move in another region, municipality of Athens. Consequently, I was also enrolled in another school. At my old school, I had never encountered any problem or difficulty, I had never been discriminated and I have the fondest memories. However, the first period in my new school proved to be completely different and difficult. The majority of my classmates were acting indifferent towards me, only talking to me during the lessons and when they were required to do so and never hanging with me during the breaks or after school. I was hanging out only with one guy from the boys in my class and two girls. These three out of my 26 classmates were the only ones who treated me like a friend and not differently from everyone else. They were obviously avoiding me, rarely replying to me when I was speaking or asking something, never choosing me as partner in school assignments, never inviting me in their birthday parties, they were always calling me using my ethnicity (Albanian) and not my name, keep making nasty comments about my ethnicity and that I was not belonging to Greece and I had to go back to my country and so many other things that I would prefer not to mention. This lasted for a long time.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
I started feeling discriminated, marginalized, isolated, not fitting in this school and in the Greek society, not belonging anywhere and that no one could understand me. I started having an aggressive behavior and avoiding almost everyone. I started thinking that it would be better to just hang out with people having the same migrant background like me, as they were the only ones who could understand me. Since in my school there weren’t a lot of kids coming from the same country as me, I started searching for communities and groups in order for me to get integrated. I met by chance a group of boys, older than me, who had graduated from high school and had the same origin as me. We were spending lots of time together; I had learned all about their families, their background, their secrets and we had long talks about the racist incidents they had also experienced. At some point, they told me that they will deliver justice and put them in their place, as no one had done this and that I just needed to say the names of the children. Despite the fact that they were planning mean, harmful things like attacking those children, I felt very good because I thought I was having people with common background, feelings and ideas, willing and ready to defend me.
In the meantime, our physical education teacher at school, during one of our gym classes, noticed – as he told me – my skills in football and told me that he found out that I am quite talented and good at playing football, so he proposed to me to join the school football team. I immediately accepted his offer but unfortunately the first day, the day of my introduction to the team, I realized that the team was composed by the majority of my classmates who were treating me badly. I still did not say anything but I also did not want to quit the team as I like very much football and I had always dreamt of belonging to a football team. By the time I entered the team their behavior began to change. They were treating me like a teammate and as a valuable player for the team. One day, I decided to make a conversation with them and clarify everything. They apologized to me for their behavior and bad comments and said that they hadn’t realized how badly they had hurt me.
I was feeling again that I belong somewhere but I couldn’t enjoy that as all I had on my mind was cutting off myself from this bad and dangerous group that I was engaged in my attempt to face discrimination and injustice. When I was bringing to my mind their words, I was feeling scared and that all these were wrong and nobody should got harmed. I sensed that the entire situation was getting out of control.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
At first, I had the sense that nobody would understand my thoughts and feelings; I was feeling like a stranger so I did not want to discuss this issue with my teachers and the headmaster. I also did not say anything to my family or these 3 classmates with whom I used to hang out with. I was pretending that everything was fine and that I have no problem. But after, as I was too scared to face this group, I started gradually avoiding them in order not to have worrying incidents. At the same time, I also decided to speak to my family, say everything and ask for their advice.
After all this time, I am reconsidering whether I should have spoken with someone a lot earlier, before getting involved into that nasty group and explain the facts and ask for help and advice.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
Of course I did not have the skills to manage a situation like that, and I feel grateful for my parents, who supported me more than enough when they found out what was going on. The most difficult part for me was when I realized that someone could have been seriously harmed in such a situation; it was the part that I decided to ask for my parents’ help. One also very difficult moment was when I had to narrate and explain everything to my parents. My introduction to the school’s football team was also a form of support for me, as I reconsidered the facts and I started feeling again included.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
I followed my parents’ advice and thankfully I managed to step away from that group of older kids who I strongly believe that are a bad influence. First of all, I learned that when we are not able to cope with a situation, the most right thing to do is to talk and ask for advice. I also learned that violence isn’t the way or the solution to fight against racism, discrimination and injustice. Last but not least, I experienced how sports contribute to inclusion and help people accept diversity and cultivate mutual respect. In my case football had worked as a common factor and united me with my classmates.
Nowadays, I am studying at University and I am still playing football with my fellow-students.
volley

education against violence and inequality

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: professional volley player

Age: 36

Gender: female

Nationality: Turkish

Type of radicalization: violence; inequality of opportunity

Historical period collocation: between 90’s and at the beginning of 2000’s

Date/Country of the Interview: 08/12/2018, Turkiye

Interviewer: Hacettepe University

Hacettepe University

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

player

I was a volleyball player. None of those mentioned above types of radicalization were evident, and it was hard to notice for all of us at that time. Now, when I think of the inequality of opportunity, implicit physical and emotional violence is experienced intensively in those years. In those years, this was normal for us. I was able to describe our experiences only when I started reading about these topics.
Because we were taught that the most important rule of being a professional athlete at the time was submission to everything and working hard. The coach was the biggest and the only power. We had to do what he said. We should’ve bowed down what he did. Otherwise, we believed we could not be athletes.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
It’s hard to tell a single example and a specific story. I think it would be more appropriate to define the general situation. Opportunity inequality, emotional and physical violence was a constant situation, and it was very typical for us. The talented and good athletes would play. Others had to wait mostly on the bench.
I was vaguely exposed to emotional violence. Because I was both talented, hard-working and a good player, but what I witnessed is sad. As I have written before, at that time, I was never aware of them, but now that I think of what happened in the past, I realize that it’s really sad. If I have to make a general statement about what happened in those days; I played on four different teams during my sports career, and the situation was the same in all teams.
Inequality of opportunity was experienced as follows; we were really excited to play volleyball when we were little children. However, in the training and matches, only the children who were thought to have the ability were given a chance, the others were not much interested.
In the grassroot level, especially in training, children who were not thought to be talented do not work with other children and almost never participated in the basic drills. They were not given a chance to show themselves. The athletes who were thought to be talented were not played in their favorite positions but were played in positions where they would be successful. For example, I always wanted to be a setter. I was talented. But players who were thought to be better setter than me were trained as a setter. I was trained as a spiker.
Physical violence was experienced as follows; heavy physical punishments were given after poorly played matches or mistakes made. Besides, a hundred pages would be written that we wouldn’t make that mistake again. In the grassroots level, the coach hit the player’s abdomen or forehead. There was no hit for a penalty after the grassroots level, but there were heavy physical penalties.
Emotional violence was experienced as follows; heavy insults, humiliation, ignoring the player. All the athletes who made mistakes were exposed to the above. These kinds of problems were always present, but for the reasons I wrote above, these are not the problems I have experienced so much.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
As I mentioned above, I realized what was going on after I started making readings on these issues.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
Unfortunately, this situation was unnoticeable to us, and it was completely normal. None of this was seen as a problem and is still not recognized. I think that the only way to deal with these problems is to educate the children, their families and the athletes in the sports environment.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
As I said, I’ve almost never been exposed to these behaviors. None of us could ‘not get the support
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
Unfortunately, the story still does not end in the sports environment. People who have similar situations can do nothing about it. Children, families and especially the coaches need to be trained. Everybody has to change their point of view.
Conclusions. Are there other relevant aspects related to (de)radicalization that you want to highlight?
The only thing I can say about this is to understand the importance of education.
young soccer team

capacity building to exploit sport’s potential

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: Head of the Municipality Office for Youth and Sports

Age: 42

Gender: male

Nationality: Portuguese

Type of radicalization:

Historical period collocation: n/a

Date/Country of the Interview: 26/09/2018, Portugal

Interviewer: Rosto Solidário

Rosto Solidário

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

Head of Municipality Office

There are different kinds of discrimination, not only related with racial issues, which is not that frequent within our territory, fortunately. I’m talking about a very wide range of types of discrimination, based on social, religious, gender and ethnic background. And then we have discrimination based on disabilities or special needs.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
In our municipality you can find a significant number of people with physical and psychological disabilities. The city council tries to ensure that this people access opportunities to play sports by proposing sports programs that matches their skills. The same way we also foster sports within elderly people in a regular basis.
Back to social discrimination we need to acknowledge that in soccer is very usual seeing people mistreating referees and so, through homophobic comments and other kind of hate speech (related to family members, for example). Also race is still a trigger for hate speech specially at the higher levels of completion. But is true that in our days is not as bad as it was back in the eighties.
Our national team is currently including a lot of players that either were born in Lusophone countries and then came to play in Portugal and end it up getting Portuguese citizenship, either others that are second generations from immigrants from countries such as Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, etc.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
In my perspective people have a lot of prejudice towards people and particularly players who get a European country citizenship. I recall situations that supporters would throw bananas into the field relating black players with monkey.
But as soon as they start getting good results in sports people tend to forget that. Some examples of that are: Pepe who came to Portugal to play in Porto and end it up joining the national team or Ngolo Kante who is currently playing in France.
Fortunately, UEFA is actively seeking to discouraged this kind of behavior through programs like United Against Racism that includes real penalties for those (players and supporters) who show any kind of discrimination.
When someone is watching a match, especially as a group, is common to use assumptions based in race, social group, religions and political values and ideologies to build prejudice and even as a way to speak about a certain player. Example: if a player is Muslim or originally from Middle East you would speak about his performance as “Mohamed this or that”, even if his name is not Mohamed. I think that to a certain point this happens everywhere.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
To ensure that vulnerable and marginalized groups are included and really practice exercise and sports the city council not only has its own programs, projects, initiatives but also seeks to support a paradigm shift in local clubs, teams towards social inclusion of those same groups at all levels.
In addition to that, the city council has been working to raise the profile of adapted modalities such as wheel chair basketball, boccia, etc. Through this programs we also seek to fight discrimination.
Some other relevant initiatives:

  • National Plan for Ethics in Sport – encouraging equality and ethical behaviour within sports.
  • “Soccer for all”: Portuguese Football Federation program.

More than ever teams are opened to host players from all backgrounds. Recently you can find some cases of teams hosting refugees. Nevertheless, supporters and communities can still be very suspicious at the beginning. I think is just because they fear the unknown. In our municipality you would find this about players and board members from Nigeria. But as soon as they get to know the players and build trust in the team that starts to fade away.
Overall I find that our municipality is very welcoming of migrants. For example, regarding sports a group of immigrants from Venezuela recently joined to establish a baseball team. This was a great initiative to help with their integration. Of course we also faced some borderline situations with kids brought from other countries with a promise of a professional career and were deceived. This bring human traffic to our minds and in those cases local authorities need to jump in and act immediately.

Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
Sports managers and board members are lacking training. We can find evidences of that by, for example, the way that they deal with parents. Currently the connection with parents and the way they seek to engage in their kids’ team is a very relevant challenge. Some parents claim for his or her child to play to all costs. Frequently the parents overcome coacher guidance and disrespect other team members. Most of the times staff doesn’t have the skills to face and manage the situation. Discrimination really starts at home, at the bench.
We’ve come to a point were some clubs started to ban parents from watching the games, particularly in higher level of completion matches. We are in the right track because I do remember many episodes back in my childhood that supporters were violent physically and verbally towards teams and referees and club did nothing.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
Managers, coaches and local teams board members are in a great position to map discrimination or vulnerability situations as they spend so much time with players and are contributing to their educational and learning path. Training and capacity building are crucial to take the most of sport’s potential in fighting inequalities.
Conclusions. Are there other relevant aspects related to (de)radicalization that you want to highlight?
Is important to only to raise awareness in the wider community but also to support financially particularly smaller and local teams to be more inclusive. Of course policies need to follow the same trend and really foster inclusion and municipalities have a strong role to play in keeping advocating for policies and following practices that can really bring inclusion into sports and to fight discrimination and foster (de)radicalization through sports.
young soccers

act immediately to stop radicalization

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: Soccer coach

Age: 41

Gender: male

Nationality: Portuguese

Type of radicalization: social

Historical period collocation: 2016-2018

Date/Country of the Interview: 04/10/2018, Portugal

Interviewer: Rosto Solidário / Reply to Mapping Call

Rosto Solidário

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

coach

I’ve had an experience closer to radicalization that end it up been a lesson learnt to all team members. In my perspective the situation was related to social rivalries between social groups.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
A group of players, led by a specific player, started to become violent towards other team players without a reason. During the practise that specific player yielded at others, calling them bad names and making fun of them every time they missed the ball or failed scoring, which led sometimes to physical confrontations.   The violent behaviour kept happening throughout the sport year and the coach at the time did nothing. Up to today I’m not sure about what trigger the violent episodes.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
At the time I was the assistant coach and wasn’t able to have a say in the way the coach deal with the situation. Moreover, my reading of the situation was that if nothing was done the violence could keep raising and eventually we could lose control of it. Nevertheless, I couldn’t question the coach before the team.
In my perspective radicalization has to do with losing control of a violent situation. In those cases, may times you don’t even get to know what are the triggers of such violence.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
The sports year after this situation started I become the head coach and started to deal with the situation my way. So what I did – with the support of the club board members – reached out for the players who were keeping been violent to others and ask them to either change behaviour or to leave the team. Unfortunately nothing changed and the person leading the violent episodes was expelled. After that the violence within the team ended.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
It was not easy to solve the situation because this kind of behaviour are kind of normalized over time. In additional to that, making a decision “against” it can be seen by other as very radical. Other challenge is to deal with family members when they do not understand the situation and eventually share the same violence triggers.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
In the end the team players were more close to each other. It looks like the person who was leading the violent situations has been trying to have a more positive behaviour. There’s the need to deal with kind of situations with determination so that it is not consider to be normal and ordinary and also not to be out of control.
Conclusions. Are there other relevant aspects related to (de)radicalization that you want to highlight?
It’s crucial to act immediately and stop radicalization from rising. In addition to that there’s the need from the right competences to manage this situation so that all feel justice and not as there if it were victims and/or heroes.
soccer, girls

gender stereotype in youth sport

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: Local team Board members (Soccer – Regional championship)

Age: 38

Gender: male

Nationality: Portuguese

Type of radicalization: gender

Historical period collocation: 2017-2018

Date/Country of the Interview: 30/10/2018, Portugal

Interviewer: Rosto Solidário

Rosto Solidário

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

board member

Currently my daughter is playing soccer in our village team in a gender mixed team. She first started to play last season after an invitation of the club president and I’ve joined the team as member of the board this year.
Despite the fact that it was previously a male team the Club itself has a long tradition of women’s soccer. Back in the days, 30 years ago the Club hosted a Women’s soccer team who won several competitions and end it up been well known at the region.
At the beginning the team didn’t had enough players and they would lose most of the games. Losing the games didn’t affect that much the team as the kids really liked to play and the players – boys and girls – were really close to each other.
However, the parents didn’t felt the same way and some of them considered to take away their kids to other teams with better results.
Concerning radicalization situations, I would say that soccer is still a sport when you can see some shows of machismo. Within the younger teams in our club you can’t feel it that much because people still see them as children but as they grown up the levels of competition rises and is more frequent to find some behaviour showing gender stereotypes. Nevertheless, in our team I don’t think we have been seeming it so often. There are only two girl players at the team and all the group and the parents protect them.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
I can share two situations. The first one was told by my daughter and concerns the gender dynamic at the school playground. She is at primary school. Frequently she was left a side in the playground everytime she and the other girl player asked to join the games the boys were having at the soccer field they would say it was because “soccer is not a girl’s sports”. Also at schools some girls – kowing that she plays soccer – told her that she is a tomboy.
The second situation in related to our own club infrastrutures. When she fisrt started playing she couldn’t shower at the club because there was no separate space for gilrs. Currently the shower rooms are still not ready to host mixed teams in a sense that what we have as girls shower rooms is improvised and temporary. With winter things get even worst. I’ve been telling other board members that it should be a priority but not all share the same perspective.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
At the beginning it was also an exercise of acceptance on my side. When she first started to ask me to know and play soccer I wasn’t fully convince it was the best sports for her to play. At the first matches I was really having second thoughts about her playing soccer as she seemed so lost. But in the end of the games she would tell me that she was waiting for the coach instructions. So step by step I started to realize that she really enjoyed what she was doing and the team colleagues and now she really is improving. Last match she was the only player who played during all match.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
At school I felt she found herself a way to overcome the challenges. Back at the club as a parent and has a board member I feel I have a particular responsibility. I’m trying to advocate to equality between girls and boys as I feel that with time as they grow older and the matches get more and more competitive the issues about gender will rise and not in a gender balance direction.
To play soccer under the national or district championship is very expensive and small club struggle to face all expenses. Still, at the club we do have a person who help us with ensuring psychosocial support to players and team members related with frustration and so.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
Since I took this position as a board member I’m always trying to read about related subject, learning from coaches and referees experiences across the country and also at the international level.
Currently as the kids are still so young the kind of comments I’m hearing are in a positive way. People are surprised and find funny to see girls playing at the same level as boys.
Overall, team members and staff are not prepared to manage more complex situation related with discrimination. At our club we try to manage situations as they rise. We don’t have a protocol that tell us exactly what to do.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
At the playground she found a way herself. Usually the soccer field is phased according with grades. After she was denial the right to play by her class mates a couple of times she decided to take her own soccer ball. After she came first and “won” the field and the other kids started to asked her to play she went ahead and negotiated that they could play but only if from now on they would also let her play when she was the one asking. It seems like her strategy worked as she never raised that issue at home again.
At the Club I strongly believe and hope we’ll gently finding ways to be more and more inclusive concerning gender.
Conclusions. Are there other relevant aspects related to (de)radicalization that you want to highlight?
I feel that local clubs are now trying harder to be inclusive and to integrate girls in their teams and also maybe girls are now searching more for places to play. Nevertheless, we still have a long way to walk, from the infrastructures (a lot of clubs where we go to play still face the challenging of not having boys and girls/men and women shower rooms) to the opportunities to give girls in strongly men’s world.
At the higher level championships not only in soccer you still find a lot signs of discrimination based on race, social and economic background.
swimmer

win also gender discrimination

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: professional swimmer

Age: 65

Gender: female

Nationality: Turkish

Type of radicalization: gender

Historical period collocation: between 1965 and the first half of the 80’s

Date/Country of the Interview: 04/12/2018, Turkiye

Interviewer: Hacettepe University

Hacettepe University

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

details of interview

I’m 63 years old now. I started doing sports, in 1965. Especially in those years, I had a lot of experience about gender and inequality of opportunity. I never asked myself why this happens at those times.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
I have a brother. He is two years bigger than me. It was a great chance to be a child of an educated family in those years. But, in some issues, priority was given to my brother all the time. I loved sports and cycling. The first bike was bought to my brother. If he allowed me to use, I was using his bike. It was purchased to me when I was in 10th grade because I insisted on too much for a bike. I wanted to go the course to learn how to swim, but my family did not allow me, but my brother attended that course.
My parent let me go to the swimming course one year later. I was seven at the time. When I learned how to swim, I decided to be a professional swimmer. To become a swimmer, my family mostly my dad supported me. On the other hand, our neighbors and relatives didn’t want me to become a swimmer, and also they tried to affect my family especially my mom. At that time some people believe, if a women do the sport, she never has a baby, and she didn’t get married. According to them, the girls didn’t need to go to the other cities with a male coach for the competition. My mom got affected by others and wanted me to quit professional swimming, but my dad was always behind me.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
I was participating in the swimming competition. Especially at that time, no other girl was swimming a marathon. At that time swimming competitions were doing in one classification, and there were no other classifications for girls. That’s why I wasn’t part of the top three, and I didn’t get any medals. I wanted to get a medal so hard, and I was working hard for it. At the beginning of the 1980s, in a Swimming Marathon (15 kilometers), I competed against the boys, and I finished the swimming marathon in the first place. A was so happy because I was going to get the gold medal. Finally, my efforts were rewarded. But I was shocked as soon as I heard the announcement at the award ceremony. Even though I finished the race in the first place, I wasn’t in the first place. There were the boys in the top three. According to my own experiences, radicalization is the decision of others to decide whether I deserve anything or not.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
I asked why didn’t I got the gold medal, and they said that the competition was between boys. This situation explained that I swam for nothing. Even though the competition was the official race which organized by swimming federation. Like everyone, I applied to the competition as a licensed swimmer and my application was accepted. The national newspapers wrote every day that I was wronged and that I could not get the trophy. So 15 days later, the swimming federation announced that I was the winner at that swimming marathon.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
For years, I’ve been subjected to similar gender discrimination. I always had to fight to get the things I deserved.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
In those years, I never questioned why this happened, and I couldn’t even realize that gender discrimination was made.
female football player

harassment and discrimination in sport

Role of the Interviewed: football player, amateur

Age: 26

Gender: female

Nationality: Turkish

Type of radicalization: gender based violence

Historical period collocation: 2014

Date/Country of the Interview: 28/11/2018, Turkiye

Interviewer: Hacettepe University

Hacettepe University

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

player

I’m a 26-year-old woman. I played football in various amateur clubs for four years. During the four years I played football, I was aware of how difficult it was to be a woman in football which is a male-dominated sport. At that time, gender-based violence that happened to one of my teammates was very upsetting for all my teammates and me.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
In 2014, my friend and I got transferred to the women’s football team of an amateur sports club. In the beginning, everything was going very well. We were training five days a week to prepare for the league games that would start after a while. Although my friend is a very talented football player, she was seated at the bench mostly and almost never played. My friend was talented, and she deserved to play. The player who played in my friend’s position was less talented than my friend, and her contribution to the team was less than that of my friend.
My friend went to our coach’s office to talk about this. She was angry and upset when she came out of the coach’s room. When I asked her what had happened, she started to cry and told me what had happened. She asked the coach why she didn’t play. Coach went through various excuses. Then, the trainer had harassed my friend and said that if she wanted to play, she had to keep quiet. My friend had shouted at the coach and left the room. All players of the team were deeply upset to see that a woman who was so talented and passionate about football had moved away from her ideals. As a team, we all told the club managers that we didn’t want that coach. Then, the coach was fired. But my friend did not play football again because of the trauma.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
When my friend went out of the coach’s office, I realized that there was a problem. I thought it was discrimination that the coach put a talented athlete on the bench. I never thought this could result in harassment. There had probably been other athletes exposed to abuse. Perhaps some players may have remained silent, and some may have had to quit football.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
I was really angry when my friend told me that the coach was harassing her. This behavior was unacceptable. She shared this incidence with our teammates and, we were all united and reacted to the coach. As I mentioned above, as a team, we all told the club managers that we didn’t want that coach. Club managers indicated that this behavior could not be accepted. Then, the coach was fired.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
As a woman, I have already experienced the difficulties of doing a male-dominated sport. This ugly incident deeply upset all of us. Instead of giving up the work we love, it was a better way to try to remove those who misbehaved. The coach was fired because of the prudence of managers.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
My friend quit her football career, which she loved and succeeded very much. But, she did not stay silent about this incident, and she attracted the attention all of us. We’ve all seen once again how hard it is to be a woman. We chose not to be silent. We moved together, and we did it. I suggest that women who are exposed to similar situations should not remain silent.