runner

facing multiple discrimination

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: Athlete

Age: 23

Gender: male

Nationality: Moldavian

Type of radicalization: disability and racism

Historical period collocation: 2011

Date/Country of the Interview: 02/08/2018, Italy

Interviewer: USMA in collaboration with FISPPA Dept., University of Padua

Story collected by: Anthony Civolani

USMA

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

athlete

My name is Denis and I have Moldavian roots. I emigrated with my mother to Italy when I was 14 years old.  After I arrived, to feel part of the community, I decided to participate in school sports. The radicalization that I felt immediately concerns two aspects of my life: my disability and racism for my origins.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
I suffer from a disability since birth. I have a limb that has not developed due to the radiation from Chernobyl because I come from a city that is not far from where the nuclear explosion happened in 1986, Soroka. I never thought it was a problem because in Moldova nobody ever made fun of me. I have always done everything and drive the car since I was 16 years old. Even my features have created situations of racism because here I am exchanged for a Moroccan. In order not to feel excluded, I decided to practice the sport that I like, and I dedicated myself to running with the school’s athletics team.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
Like any teenage boy, I was interested and looked at the girls. During athletic training I approached a group of girls who were training. Among them there was a girl that I liked a lot, so I tried to approach her while we ran but she in front of her group of friends she told me: “How disgusting you are with that arm!! do you really think I can like it?
Get out Grebo!” (“Grebo” is an appellation often used offensively against people of Maghreb origins)
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
I felt bad, all my certainties were canceled. I had never felt disabled, but that girl managed to make me feel a nobody. I did not want to be part of the athletics team anymore. So, at the end of the school year I informed the coach that I had decided to give up. At that point I explained to the coach what had happened and although he wanted to convince me, I stopped.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
I was not able to handle that situation. I looked for support in friends, I still spoke bad Italian, so I turned to my family to feel accepted.
From there I started to practice another sport and despite my disability I gave excellent results. I took all my anger and I turned it into a skill and I succeeded. I became a one-handed volleyball player. My teammates did not believe I could play well but I did.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
Today, a lot of time has passed. I no longer play volleyball, I play in an amateur football team made up of almost all foreigners. There are few Italians, we are all friends and we make fun of each other. Surely here there can be no episodes of racism because we understand each other. To anyone who happens to be discriminated, I say not to give up. Look for the sport that makes you feel good and continue.
Conclusions. Are there other relevant aspects related to (de)radicalization that you want to highlight?
Today I am married and with my wife we have two young children.
I think we need to start practicing sport from an early age because that is the only way we can eliminate racism. They do not see the differences we adults see and they can be better people.
karate

fighting prejudice

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: mother of karateka amateur

Age of the child: 7

Gender: male

Nationality: Italo Senegal

Type of radicalization: racism

Historical period collocation: 2013

Date/Country of the Interview: 02/08/2018 Italy

Interviewer: USMA in collaboration with FISPPA Dept., University of Padua

Story collected by: Anthony Civolani

USMA

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

interviewed

My name is Franca. I’m Italian and I’m white. And I have two children from my former partner who is from Senegal origin, so he is  black. I have witnessed discriminatory attitudes by bringing my son Ahmed to Karate.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
I remember that during one of the workouts while I was on the steps of the gym, a mother joins me because she saw that I was inciting Ahmed during the fight. The woman approached me and asked me: “Hi, but where did you get your son?” And I did not understand the question. ” Sorry? In what sense where did I get him? “. The lady “Yes, in the sense, where does he come from, but is he yours?” Me: “Of course I am the mother! Where do you want him to come from if he’s my son? “. The Lady: “Ah I thought he was adopted.”
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
That lady was upset that I had a colored son, so from a black man, but I understood that her son had also received a racist education. Jibril told me that the lady’s son in the locker room told him that he did not want to fight with him because he is a “negro”.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
I was very disappointed because there are children who are not born racist but who become because of the education received. So I decided to involve the Karate teacher, telling him about the episode to intervene to make this child understand that Ahmed is a boy like everyone else, and they can be friends.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
The hardest part was explaining to Ahmed what racism was, that he had not experienced until that day. In this I was helped by the teacher, but also by my family who made him feel loved and accepted as he is.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
The teacher understood that he had to intervene to unite the elements of the team, so he decided to do a lesson to explain how sport unites all the peoples of the world and showed the various champions of each race. In the end, the lady’s son was isolated and they did not come to Karate anymore. After this experience I became stronger as a mother aware of how much ignorance there is in the world. I believe that we should not be touched by malice and try to instill more security in our own child.
7. Conclusions. Are there other relevant aspects related to (de)radicalization that you want to highlight?
I understood one fundamental thing that the sport practiced in the developmental age, is an instrument for the integration among the children that come from multi-ethnic families like mine. The boys realize that to win they must team up.
young soccer

producing marginalization and ghettoization

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: amateur football player

Age: 18

Gender: male

Nationality: Nigerian

Type of radicalization: racial discrimination

Historical period collocation: 2018

Date/Country of the Interview: 08/11/2018 Italy

Interviewer: USMA in collaboration with FISPPA Dept., University of Padua

Story collected by: Igor Giammanco

USMA

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

player

Yes, I had experienced racism earlier this year (2018), when I started playing in a football team. Actually, I could only train, and not take part in official matches, for document-related problems. Nevertheless, I was involved in playing some “friendly” matches against other soccer teams. I have been part of my team only for three months, then I had to leave.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started? How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
At the beginning, get integrated in the team was not easy. I was the only foreigner and I had some difficulties with the language, so that we could not understand each other very well. At first I did not believe they were racist towards me, despite some strange episodes. For example: once I passed a bottle of water to my teammates but they did not want to drink from it. I could not understand why, because they were used to drink from the same bottle and always passed the bottles one to another. And there was also someone who started mocking me, but as they were just few of them, I did not care much about that.

Then it happened that during a training match I had a game collision with one of my mates, and he reacted badly, telling me “son of a b***”. So, I pushed him to the ground and I was starting to fight him. Our other companions intervened, not to separate us but attacking me. Fortunately, the coach and another person stopped them. Since then, however, the situation has worsened. When I went to the training most of the teammates were against me, and I received many insults. For example, they told me that I stink, or they made fun of my skin or making fun of me by imitating a monkey.

Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved? Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
It was hard to bear all this, but for a while I tried, because I was just interested in playing soccer. I thought they would eventually stop that. It was also difficult for me to find another team where to play. But it was not easy, because I had no one to talk with about this, and nobody who could help me. Only a few teammates were kind to me, they talked to me, but they were just few. They told me that with those people it is better to be quiet, because they are just ignorant. There were also other teammates that did not openly offend me, at the same time they kept laughing every time I was insulted. They did not even speak to me. Even the coach did not say anything, but sometimes I saw he laughing and saying bad things about me to other people. That’s why I did not talk about the situation with him, because I knew he did not want to help me because he, also, is racist. Moreover, if he really wanted to help me, there was need to ask (as the situation was quite clear). I spoke with the other operators and also with the community manager. They said that I had to stay calm and not to react and that they would have solved the situation. But , at the end they never talked to the teammates or the coach.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
It happened that the coach made a phone call to the community centre where I was living telling the manager that it was better if I no longer went to trainings. She told me to wait for a while, until the situation would get quieter, and later on she would talk to the coach in order to make me come back to play soccer. But she never did anything. And maybe it was better this way, because I did not want to go back to them. I did not want to see them anymore. It was a situation that made me feel bad.
What I learned is not very good. First, I learned that it is difficult for me to play football here, just because I am not Italian. Still today, I can’t play. That was my last time with a football team here in Italy. It’s also difficult because there are problems with documents. I have other friends having the same difficulties about this. Besides that, I do not feel like playing any longer.
Second, I saw that there are many Italians who are racists, and I do not like that. I realized that I do not want to be in a place where people think this way. Now, here in *** I fell better, because there are more Nigerians and Africans and we’re fine with each other. Some friends I met helped me to find a job.
children playing football

education and anti-racism

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: sport school teacher

Age: 56

Gender: female

Nationality: Italian

Type of radicalization: racial discrimination

Historical period collocation: 2018

Date/Country of the Interview: 08/11/2018 Italy

Interviewer: USMA in collaboration with FISPPA Dept., University of Padua

USMA

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

teacher

I am a Professor of Sport Sciences and I have been teaching in a Secondary School attended by a number of students with migration backgrounds for several years. There are specific programs dedicated to young people with migratory background designed to promote a successful integration. Many of them regularly practice team sports in grassroots sport clubs and, in particular, soccer. During the training sessions for the Soccer Student Championships, I knew about the story of one of the participating students that highlights some aspects related to ethnic radicalization.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
It is the story of a 15 years old boy with a migratory background. He was born in Italy from a family with North African origins. He began to practice soccer at the age of six and weekly he regularly runs 2/3 workouts plus the match in weekends. In the 2016/2017 season, after a game contrast during the match, he is invested by racial insults by a player of the other team.
It had never happened before but the reaction did not wait: the boy tackles the opponent and is warned with a yellow card by the referee. Despite the warning, he continues to play in a foul manner. He feels anger grow inside him because he thinks to be victim of an injustice. In his view his reaction was proportional to the offense and did not deserve a warning (the yellow card). He decided to face the opponent outside the locker room and, approaching him, asked him for explanations. There were no explanations. This caused him an irrepressible movement of anger that leaded into physical violence. The other teammates intervened to hold him back. The referee assisted to the scene and the day after informed the sport club of having banned the player for three matches for incitement to the fight.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
The story was collected thanks to my solicitation after having observed during the activity in class that the student appeared submissive in the attitude and detached from the other teammates.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
The situation was managed by the coach who, according to the story told of the student, before the training following the episode analyzed the dynamics of the episode, stressing the fact that the insult received by the player was to be considered only as a provocation intended to unnerve and distract him. He invited the boy not to give importance to such episodes and words.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
My intervention with the student could simply result in an examination of what happened, in order to understand what kind of consequences this episode might have produced on him and, possibly, intervene in the most appropriate way at the educational level. The boy is aware of being wrong and realizes that he has to work on himself, learning to control his disproportionate reactions because, as he himself states, he must show not be “inferior” (to the provocations). At the same time he knows that he is not willing to tolerate these forms of violence and asks for respect for his person and his origins: the same respect he affirms to show towards others.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
The student’s soccer team has broken up and he is waiting to continue to practice soccer in a new club. Meanwhile, he has enrolled to participate in the Student Championships.
Conclusions. Are there other relevant aspects related to (de)radicalization that you want to highlight?
The episode narrated and the way in which it has been managed gives rise to ethical, social and pedagogical reflections. The approach of grassroots sport clubs is different from that of the scholastic community, and reveals a need for cultural change that could help in boosting the role of sport in promoting individual and collective well-beings. Sport should also promote the values of tolerance, equality and social inclusion, in particular with respect to the so-called “second generations”.
As sports federations are involved in the fight against ethnic discrimination, by designing regulations and punishments against discriminatory behaviors in the field or among fans, at the same time they should become promoters of specific training programs aimed at those operating in the competitive world, starting from the grassroots sport clubs, in order to fully carry out their social and educational role.
dancers

rejected body

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: dance student

Age: 13 (at the time of the narrated episode)

Gender: female

Nationality: Italian

Type of radicalization: diversity, discrimination, gender

Historical period collocation: 2008

Date/Country of the Interview: 09/11/2018 Italy

Interviewer: USMA in collaboration with FISPPA Dept., University of Padua

Story collected by: Alice Scurti

USMA

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

dance student

I witnessed a kind of “radicalization experience” in my classical and modern dance group at the age of 12. The excluded person, however, was not me, but a Romanian girl, J., who was living by many years in Italy, that from one year was part of our dancing group. She gave up precisely because she encountered hard difficulties in the dance activity, both with the other students as well as with our dance teacher.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
During the pre-adolescent period, J. decided to try a new experience enrolling in a dance course. She probably knew that she did not have the “typical” physical characteristics of a dancer and that she was maybe already too old to join an already formed group of dancers. But she was looking for something new, after practicing other sports attended mostly by boys. In those activities she could not find what she was looking for in a sport.

This girl appeared different from the others of the group: her body was bursting and robust, with “masculine” characteristics that distinguished her from the typical “female” dancer. Her attitude was also not very delicate and light as commonly expected by ballet and modern dancers. Moreover, the country of origin of the girl also played an important role in increasing the distance between this girl and the rest of the group. She is a Roma coming from Romania and although she had grown up in Italy, local people perceived her as having a “gypsy” look.
From the very beginning, J. was victim of insults because of her body shape and her ungraceful way of approaching the dance. That happened both during classes and in the locker room. She was attacked in particular by the group of the most talented girls, always ready to line up as a group in front of her and laugh at the difficulties she encountered in the discipline. In many occasions, they were discussing about her gender and sexual appearance in presence of J., talking as if she was not there. In particular they could not understand how she could be the way she was, having the body she had. Also J’s mother was targeted, when, like all the other mothers, accompanied her daughter to classes. In fact, the mothers’ group never tried to include the “gypsy-looking” mother of J.
J. and her mother came to the gym avoiding looks and comments, and used to leave in the same way. Often the comments and laughter were fed by the teacher herself, who never avoided talking in very negative terms about the girl, even when she was not attending class. The most difficult and inexplicable episodes occurred at a certain moment of a lesson, when an exercise of “jumps” aroused a lot of anger in the teacher that, observing the girl’s little capacity in the exercise, began to insult her and compared her to an elephant, accompanied by the background of laughter of the other students. What bothered the teacher was J’s lack of harmony. Objectively, J. was often a bit out of time. However, insults, lack of experience in the dance and the difficulties she encountered to integrate into the group worsened the situation.

How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
J. has found a hostile environment starting from the very first class. She was looked at and criticized for her different appearance. Her way of dancing was not appreciated both by the students and by the teacher. No one, in this context, has ever tried to interact with her or to know her better, going beyond the way she showed herself and danced. The sport environment in this case was the first excluding the girl. Pupils and teacher were united in excluding the outsider in every single lesson. The questionable and unprofessional behaviour of the teacher made easier, for the other girls, to feel comfortable with their behaviour also outside the classroom, in the dressing room. We should remember that the age of the students ranged from 10 to 13 years old: their behaviours can at least in part be justified only by their young age and little experience in dealing with people which seem different from them in various aspects. They probably were not completely able to understand the consequences of their actions on J.. Much less justifiable is the teacher’s approach. She was supposed to transmit the values of wellbeing in the group, promoting the mutual help among the pupils and of the passion for dance usually shared by pupils. Instead, she reacted with anger and aggressiveness against the little girl.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
Me and two other girls were by choice not part of this group of girls who teased J.. We often talked among each other about this situation. We did not like it, we felt guilty, we felt that J. was suffering despite appearing always indifferent to everything. But despite this, we never talked to anyone, we were not able to find a solution. In fact, we were scared by the idea of talking about that with the teacher and the other girls, so that they could acknowledge their bad behaviour and reflect about the consequences of their actions.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
Personally, I did not feel to have the capacity to react to this situation, to find a way to help J.. I was very young, shy, closed and not “revolutionary” at all. I also was afraid of the teacher and the other girls. These aspects of my personality, that I was not able to control, put me in a very hard situation, where I could only witness what was happening without being able to intervene. I was blocked by very negative emotions that continued to accompany me even outside the gym. Despite this, I always avoided to look for help, or simply to find someone to talk with about this.
6. End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
For one year, the girl in question had the strength to remain indifferent, at least apparently, to all of this, until she decided to quit dance classes. That happened probably because of the final dance recital, when she was mistreated more than usual. In fact, the dance teacher was having personal and job-related problems and she was used to throw the stress on her pupils, and especially on her, who seemed appeared the weakest.
Personally, from this experience on, when I found myself in similar situations, I always tried to find possible solutions and put them into action as soon as possible. I do not want to fell again as not being able to react and do something. Therefore, to those who are faced with these situations, I would advise to reveal the problems of the group, talking with the other teammates and the teacher, and look for a greater support also in the family.
To people who live in situations similar as J. I would like to suggest to find a way to fell strong and react. Of course, sometimes indifference could work, but it is important to show emotions and who we are to remind these people, of questionable sensitivity, that we are all human beings and that these actions and words provoke negative feelings that are able to destroy the person who suffers and to ruin the group wellbeing.
young soccers

overcoming prejudice

details of interview

Role of the Interviewed: soccer player

Age: 20

Gender: male

Nationality: Moroccan-Italian

Type of radicalization: religion and racism

Historical period collocation: 2015

Date/Country of the Interview: 10/11/2018 Italy

Interviewer: USMA in collaboration with FISPPA Dept., University of Padua

Story collected by: Alice Scurti

USMA

Have you witnessed or experienced personal situations of radicalization during your activity in sport organizations? What kind of radicalizations have you detected? (Gender, politics, religion, racism, crime, homophobia…)

player

During soccer trainings I always felt being an integral part of the group. At least initially, I am sure that my skills in the role I played have helped me in building relationships. But in post-matches and after trainings, religion or the different ideas I had compared to the rest of the group, made me often feel often excluded. Moreover, I received racist insults in the pitch during matches.
Telling your story. What has happened? How has the story started?
Out of the pitch, in the locker rooms, for long I had difficulties in integrating with my team. In post-matches or during trainings I found myself confronting with misunderstandings regarding the acceptation of my religion. That happened also in moments and spaces dedicated to sharing ideas within the group. My faith and my education was mocked. For example, I was criticized because I did no drink alcohol and therefore I was not considered part of the group. I felt judged and excluded for something I consider of little importance for our task and goals as a soccer team. When my mates used to go out after trainings, there was a period in which I was not even invited. They thought that, as I was not going to drink, I would not be able to have fun. They were wrong!
This separation from the group in some aspects of our life was visible also in the different behaviours most of my mates was assuming when they were with me, one by one or in group. As individuals, they showed respect and comprehension towards my life-style, whereas when we were in group, they were transported by the collective feelings making me feel diverse and out of the team.
During matches, instead, it happened that I was victim of racist insults, coming from my mates and also by the fans when I did some mistakes. At the beginning I felt attacked and judged. Then, having got used to it, I preferred to think that they were caught in anger, lacking lucidity.
How did you realize what was going on? What kind of signals could you detect? How do you explain radicalization, referring to your experience?
I detected some signals of what was happening in their jokes, in the usual insults in the changing room and in the exclusion from team parties. Their incapacity to understand someone having different ideas from theirs was also a sign of exclusion. I think they could react in a different way about our different cultures. In this case “radicalization” was due to indifference and little maturity of my mates. For a while, they could not accept the small divergences existing between me and them.
Have you tried to cope with this situation? What was possible to do? What have you done? Have you involved other people/organizations? Who was involved?
I have always tried to solve single situations directly face-to-face with my mates, without looking for help from trainers or sport directors. I believed that these kind of problems were not related to the sport environment, but rather to social difficulties persons sharing a group.
I think I was pretty strong to react always with indifference to the insults in the pitch and also to the difficulties in the changing room. When possible, I tried to talk to the people I had problems with, in order to solve these problems, at least in the short run. But similar episodes continued to happened time to time.
Did you feel you had the skills to manage this kind of situations? Which was the most difficult part of it? Have you had any form of support?
I think I managed this situation as better as I could, keeping knowing my mates despite these little problems and non becoming closed to other people. I tried to explain more and more times that our different life-style and our different religions should not become obstacles for the team. Anyone had the chance to get in touch with something different, another culture. This was the most difficult part, but training after training, things have started to change.
End of the story. How did the story end up? What have you learned from this personal experience? What would you say to people who are living similar situations?
My teammates started to be more and more open and available to establish a relationship with me going beyond life-style differences that were apparently opposing us. They have tried to respect me more and be more correct towards me and my religion, and they finally included me in the activities I was previously excluded.
The advice I can give to people that are living similar situations is to believe in themselves even when facing other people incapacity to understand cultural differences. Do not stop in front of prejudice, superficial and limited. We are the only ones that can overcome and cancel them completely with our attitude and behaviour towards other people.